What is Misophonia? - Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments

Misophonia - What is it?

Understanding and managing the sound sensitivity disorder

Introduction    |    Causes    |    Symptoms    |    Living with misophonia    |    Treatment    |   Conclusion

Misophonia, an impactful condition

Most people navigate the soundscape of everyday life with ease. However, for those with misophonia, certain sounds can evoke intense emotional reactions, making daily life challenging. Misophonia, a little-known yet severely impactful condition, is gaining attention as more people seek understanding and relief from its symptoms.

This article explores the intricacies of misophonia, its causes, manifestations, symptoms, coping strategies, and how people live with misophonia.

Misophonia definition

What is misophonia?  Misophonia, derived from the Greek words "miso" (hatred) and "phonia" (sound), literally means "hatred of sound." However, this definition oversimplifies the condition. Misophonia is characterised by strong emotional reactions to specific sounds, known as trigger sounds.

These reactions can range from irritation and anxiety to rage and panic. Common trigger sounds include chewing, breathing, tapping, and repetitive noises.

Unlike general sound sensitivity, misophonia is not necessarily linked to the loudness of the sound. Instead, it's the specific quality or repetition of certain noises that create a response. This is why the condition can severely impact quality of life, affecting social interactions, work environments, and personal relationships.

The common "fight or flight" response to said sounds is immediately leaving the room, pressing your hands over your ears and finding the urge to scream for the sound(s) to stop.

Misophonia causes

What are the suspected causes of misophonia?  Misophonia was given the title in 2001 by researchers, however, the causes of misophonia remain an ongoing topic. While there is no definitive answer, several theories suggest potential underlying factors. 

However, it is said that it is more common in those who also have Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Tourette Syndrome, tinnitus, and anxiety disorders.  Other theories are:

Neurological

Some researchers believe misophonia is linked to hyperconnectivity between the auditory cortex and the limbic system.  This is the brain region involved in emotions. This connection may cause an exaggerated emotional response to specific sounds.

Genetics

There is evidence to suggest a genetic link to misophonia, as it often runs in families. Studies are ongoing to identify specific genes that may contribute to the condition.

Psychological

Misophonia may also be related to heightened sensitivity or conditioning. Some may develop negative associations with certain sounds, leading to conditioned emotional responses.

Misophonia and the hatred of sound

Manifestations of misophonia

Misophonia symptoms

What are the known symptoms of misophonia?  Misophonia can manifest in various ways, with symptoms ranging in severity. Common emotional, behavioural, and physical reactions include:

Emotional

Those with misophonia often experience intense feelings of anger, irritation, or disgust in response to trigger sounds. These emotions can arise quickly and feel overwhelming.

Physical

Physical reactions can include increased heart rate, sweating, muscle tension, and a sense of panic or anxiety. These responses can make it difficult for those to remain in environments where trigger sounds are present.

Behavioural

To avoid trigger sounds, some may alter their behaviour, such as avoiding social situations, using earplugs or headphones, or creating sound-free environments. These coping mechanisms can lead to social isolation and impact mental health.

Living with misophonia, is it manageable?

Living with misophonia requires many approaches to manage its impact. Communication is crucial; explaining the condition to family, friends, and colleagues can instigate empathy and support. It's also important to advocate for yourself, whether that means requesting accommodations at work or finding creative solutions to minimise exposure to trigger sounds.

Self-care is also essential. Prioritising activities that promote mental and emotional well-being, such as exercise, hobbies, and relaxation, can help reduce the stress associated with misophonia. Seeking professional help, whether from audiologists, therapists, or support groups, can provide valuable tools and resources for managing the condition.

Misophonia Treatment

Exploring treatments and coping mechanisms

Treatment and coping strategies for misophonia

While there is no cure for misophonia, several strategies can help manage its symptoms and improve quality of life, such as:

Sound and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

Sound therapy, also known as tinnitus retraining therapy, involves listening to low-level sounds or white noise to reduce the impact of trigger sounds. This approach can help desensitise the offending noises over time.

CBT can be effective in helping reframe emotional responses to trigger sounds.  Through therapy, you can learn coping mechanisms and develop strategies to manage reactions.

Environmental modifications

Making changes to your environment can help minimise exposure to trigger sounds. This can include using noise-cancelling headphones, creating quiet spaces at home or work, and communicating with others about the condition to increase understanding and support.

Mindfulness and relaxation techniques

Mindfulness meditation, deep breathing exercises, and other relaxation techniques can help manage the stress and anxiety associated with misophonia. These practices can promote a sense of calm and improve emotional regulation.

Mirroring the trigger sounds

If you have misophonia, you might find that making the same sound yourself usually doesn't trigger any reaction. Some people with misophonia even discover that imitating the triggering sounds can help reduce the distress they experience.

Support groups and communities

Connecting with others who have misophonia can provide a sense of community and understanding. Support groups, both in-person and online, offer a space to share experiences, coping strategies, and emotional support in a safe space.

Hearing aids for misophonia, are they helpful?

Hearing aids, particularly those with noise-cancellation and customisable sound settings, can help those suffering from misophonia by filtering out trigger sounds and reducing overall sound sensitivity. The audiology assistance can provide significant relief, making daily environments more manageable for those affected.

You can download the white paper about misophonia from 23andMe by clicking on the green button further down the page.